The participants in this study showed that it was necessary for some (especially the older persons) to repeat a single task
until they had mastered it and that this eventually led to success. Performance accomplishment, the repeated execution of a task, is the most powerful source of improvement in self-efficacy, as it is based on direct information feedback. In Taiwan, several factors contribute to the poor control of diabetes. Although the SEEIP took more time (240 min), compared with routine patient education (30 min), it finally could improve self-care behavior, improve on the associated difficulties, and save on healthcare costs in the long term.