Chocolate is an ingredient usually used in the
preparation of several foods (cakes, cookies, breads, ice
creams, etc.), which are consumed mainly by children.
Thus, the mineral content of this ingredient has great
value for nutritional control of the foods. However, the
determination of metals in such samples involves a
difficult step of digestion, considering that its matrix
contains high contents of organic compounds [1].
Chocolate is a vastly nutritious energy source, with a
fast metabolism and good digestibility. The presence of
cocoa, milk and sugar in its composition can be the
warranty of proper ingestion of proteins, carbohydrates,
fats, minerals and vitamins [2]. It is therefore necessary
to monitor human exposure to TMs present in the food
chain [3].
Toxicity of Cd came in the headlines after the
Itai-Itai disease was found to be caused by high intake
of Cd in Japan. When Cd is ingested in excess amounts,
it induces toxicity symptoms like gastrointestinal pains,
nausea, respiratory distress, diarrhoea, impaired
reproductively, kidney damage and hypertension [4-6].
Lead contamination in chocolates and candies
is a very old problem that has evolved with time. Since
the middle of the 19th century, various measures
including regulations and public education were
implemented to minimize the contamination of
chocolates and candies from such sources [7].
Nowadays, industrial activities dominate the global flux
of lead in the environment [8, 9] and have become the
predominant sources of lead in many food items,
including candies [10].
Nickel occurs naturally more in vegetables
than in animal flesh [11]. However, nickel toxicity in
humans is not a very common occurrence because the
intestinal absorption of nickel is very low [12]. Apart
from environmental contamination sources of nickel in
foods, this metal may also be derived in foods from
processing activities such as drying, cooking and
canning in nickel-containing vessels [13].
Chocolate is an ingredient usually used in thepreparation of several foods (cakes, cookies, breads, icecreams, etc.), which are consumed mainly by children.Thus, the mineral content of this ingredient has greatvalue for nutritional control of the foods. However, thedetermination of metals in such samples involves adifficult step of digestion, considering that its matrixcontains high contents of organic compounds [1].Chocolate is a vastly nutritious energy source, with afast metabolism and good digestibility. The presence ofcocoa, milk and sugar in its composition can be thewarranty of proper ingestion of proteins, carbohydrates,fats, minerals and vitamins [2]. It is therefore necessaryto monitor human exposure to TMs present in the foodchain [3].Toxicity of Cd came in the headlines after theItai-Itai disease was found to be caused by high intakeof Cd in Japan. When Cd is ingested in excess amounts,it induces toxicity symptoms like gastrointestinal pains,nausea, respiratory distress, diarrhoea, impairedreproductively, kidney damage and hypertension [4-6].Lead contamination in chocolates and candiesis a very old problem that has evolved with time. Sincethe middle of the 19th century, various measuresincluding regulations and public education wereimplemented to minimize the contamination ofchocolates and candies from such sources [7].Nowadays, industrial activities dominate the global fluxof lead in the environment [8, 9] and have become thepredominant sources of lead in many food items,including candies [10].Nickel occurs naturally more in vegetablesthan in animal flesh [11]. However, nickel toxicity inhumans is not a very common occurrence because theintestinal absorption of nickel is very low [12]. Apartfrom environmental contamination sources of nickel infoods, this metal may also be derived in foods fromprocessing activities such as drying, cooking andcanning in nickel-containing vessels [13].
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