The problem is that it is difficult to deal with solid waste (or any other
pollutants) after it has been created. The most effective way of dealing with
wastes is source reduction or, as it is sometimes called, the dematerialization
of production and consumption. In other words, the most effective reduction
of the solid waste stream could be realized by introducing efficiencies in
extraction, production, or consumption so that the economic cycle simply
doesn't generate as much solid waste. For consumers, this would mean man-
ufacturing more durable, long-lasting goods (rather than disposable ones),
reuse of thin s like lass bottles (rather than recycling them), and source
reductions, such as reducing the layers of packaging (rather than recycling
them). Roughly, a hierarchy of more effective ways to address solid waste
problems would begin with source reduction, followed by reuse, recycling,
incineration, and land fills, in that order. All of this would presume signifi-
cant modifications in the throw-away economies of many industrial nations. In
. the current system, neither producers nor consumers bear the real costs of
the solid wastes they generate. Governments (or aggregated taxpayers) do.
This means that there are no real incentives that encourage the reduction of
material throughput because there are no real market signals of the costs to
particular producers or consumers. Again, a problem is to internalize and
particularize the real costs of production. Or-to return to the initial analogy
of this chapter-to make the industrial system function more like a real bio-
logical ecosystem.
The problem is that it is difficult to deal with solid waste (or any other pollutants) after it has been created. The most effective way of dealing with wastes is source reduction or, as it is sometimes called, the dematerialization of production and consumption. In other words, the most effective reduction of the solid waste stream could be realized by introducing efficiencies in extraction, production, or consumption so that the economic cycle simply doesn't generate as much solid waste. For consumers, this would mean man- ufacturing more durable, long-lasting goods (rather than disposable ones), reuse of thin s like lass bottles (rather than recycling them), and source reductions, such as reducing the layers of packaging (rather than recyclingthem). Roughly, a hierarchy of more effective ways to address solid waste problems would begin with source reduction, followed by reuse, recycling, incineration, and land fills, in that order. All of this would presume signifi- cant modifications in the throw-away economies of many industrial nations. In . the current system, neither producers nor consumers bear the real costs of the solid wastes they generate. Governments (or aggregated taxpayers) do. This means that there are no real incentives that encourage the reduction of material throughput because there are no real market signals of the costs to particular producers or consumers. Again, a problem is to internalize and particularize ต้นทุนจริงของการผลิต หรือ -เพื่อกลับไปคำว่าเริ่มต้น บทนี้-ต้องการฟังก์ชันของระบบอุตสาหกรรม มากขึ้นชอบจริงยา ระบบนิเวศทางตรรกะ
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