defined community seismic resilience as “the ability of social units (e.g., organizations, communities) to mitigate hazards, contain the effects of disasters when they occur, and carry out recovery activities in ways that minimize social disruption and mitigate the effects of future earthquakes.” They conceptualized the broader definition of resilience in terms of system performance, which states, “resilience can be understood as the ability of system to reduce the chances of a shock, to absorb a shock if it occurs (abrupt reduction of performance), and to recover quickly after a shock (reestablish normal performance).” Additionally, the research presented the resilience triangle concept, as shown in Figure 2.1, to represent the loss of functionality from damage and disruption. The triangle’s depth represents severity of system performance loss and the length of the triangle shows the time needed for recovery. The area within the resilience triangle relates directly to the resiliency with smaller areas indicating greater resilience. Actions, behaviors, and properties of social units, organizations and networks all contribute to reducing the area of the resilience triangle.