Art. 282. Termination by employer. An employer may terminate an employment
for any of the following causes:
a. Serious misconduct or willful disobedience by the employee of the lawful orders
of his employer or representative in connection with his work;
b. Gross and habitual neglect by the employee of his duties;
c. Fraud or willful breach by the employee of the trust reposed in him by his
employer or duly authorized representative;
d. Commission of a crime or offense by the employee against the person of his
employer or any immediate member of his family or his duly authorized
representatives; and
e. Other causes analogous to the foregoing.
Art. 283. Closure of establishment and reduction of personnel. The employer
may also terminate the employment of any employee due to the installation of laborsaving
devices, redundancy, retrenchment to prevent losses or the closing or cessation
of operation of the establishment or undertaking unless the closing is for the purpose of
circumventing the provisions of this Title, by serving a written notice on the workers
and the Ministry of Labor and Employment at least one (1) month before the intended
date thereof. In case of termination due to the installation of labor-saving devices or
redundancy, the worker affected thereby shall be entitled to a separation pay equivalent
to at least his one (1) month pay or to at least one (1) month pay for every year of service,
whichever is higher. In case of retrenchment to prevent losses and in cases of closures or
cessation of operations of establishment or undertaking not due to serious business
losses or financial reverses, the separation pay shall be equivalent to one (1) month pay
or at least one-half (1/2) month pay for every year of service, whichever is higher. A
fraction of at least six (6) months shall be considered one (1) whole year.
Art. 282. Termination by employer. An employer may terminate an employmentfor any of the following causes:a. Serious misconduct or willful disobedience by the employee of the lawful ordersof his employer or representative in connection with his work;b. Gross and habitual neglect by the employee of his duties;c. Fraud or willful breach by the employee of the trust reposed in him by hisemployer or duly authorized representative;d. Commission of a crime or offense by the employee against the person of hisemployer or any immediate member of his family or his duly authorizedrepresentatives; ande. Other causes analogous to the foregoing.Art. 283. Closure of establishment and reduction of personnel. The employermay also terminate the employment of any employee due to the installation of laborsavingdevices, redundancy, retrenchment to prevent losses or the closing or cessationof operation of the establishment or undertaking unless the closing is for the purpose ofcircumventing the provisions of this Title, by serving a written notice on the workersand the Ministry of Labor and Employment at least one (1) month before the intendeddate thereof. In case of termination due to the installation of labor-saving devices orredundancy, the worker affected thereby shall be entitled to a separation pay equivalentto at least his one (1) month pay or to at least one (1) month pay for every year of service,whichever is higher. In case of retrenchment to prevent losses and in cases of closures orcessation of operations of establishment or undertaking not due to serious businesslosses or financial reverses, the separation pay shall be equivalent to one (1) month payor at least one-half (1/2) month pay for every year of service, whichever is higher. Afraction of at least six (6) months shall be considered one (1) whole year.
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