In particular, it seems that the endogeneity issues
create an upward bias for ownership structure and
accounting standards in the OLS regression, as the
coefficients are now significantly negative rather
than positive. Even so, this may not affect our
argument that board structure plays an important
role, because this index still has a higher impact than
the two indices in both OLS and 2SLS models.
Executive compensation seems to have a greater
impact than board structure in the 2SLS model. The
coefficient generated in the 2SLS cannot be directly
comparable to that generated in the OLS regression,
however, because the impact of the respective CG
indices is now instrumented by the industry average.
Nevertheless, board structure still plays an important
role after controlling endogeneity. The coefficients of
the instrumented indices are significantly larger than
the OLS results. This is also a common finding in the
finance literature (e.g. Laeven and Levine, 2006;
Laeven and Woodruff, 2007).