Vegetable oils and animal fats have come to be recognized as important sources of renewable fuels. Fatty acid methyl esters are known as biodiesel, and are the leading source for non-petroleum diesel fuel. With hydrogenation and isomerization, oils and fats can be converted to renewable diesel and jet fuel that are drop-in replacements for petroleum diesel fuel and jet fuel. This chapter reviews the processes used to produce these fuels and the feedstocks that will provide the supplies of oils and fats needed to meet a growing world demand.