Sample Set 1. Table 1 shows the sample used to optimize the analysis of urine treatment for the urine OV-ES assay. It consisted of 22 males and 28 females (n = 50), who donated an adequate volume of urine and feces which were used to compare and optimize several protocols for the treatment of urine prior to OV-ES antigen detection by the urine OV-ES assay. Forty of the individuals, from an OV endemic area in Khon Kaen province had FECT confirmed OV infection and were designated as "positive controls" in this optimization phase. The remaining ten individuals, who had never resided in an OV endemic area (as determined by interview)and who were not infected with OV as confirmed by FECT were designated as the "negative controls" for this optimization phase. All OV infected individuals were treated for their infection with praziquantel.