Classical statistical model assumptions
Independence vs dependence in time and space
Tobler’s first law:
“All things are related, but nearby things are more related than distant things”
Spatial dependence and autocorrelation
Correlation and Correlograms
Covariance and autocovariance
Lags – fixed or variable interval
Correlograms and range
Stationary and non-stationary patterns
Outliers
Extending concept to spatial domain
Transects
Neighbourhoods and distance-based models
Global spatial autocorrelation
Dataset issues: regular grids; irregular lattice (zonal) datasets; point samples
Simple binary coded regular grids – use of Joins counts
Irregular grids and lattices – extension to x,y,z data representation
Use of x,y,z model for point datasets
Local spatial autocorrelation
Disaggregating global models