Moreover, a reliable transpoertation network is a network that can recover from any disruption by preventing, absorbing, or mitigrating its effects. Unexpected incidents like traffic jam, accidents storms, hurricane, etc. can cause disruption on a link or in a terminal. In multimodal transpoertation planing. providing reliable but cost-efficient services is a hard task. If the designed network is flexible enough, disruption might be absorbed by the normal plans, but if this flexibility has not been deliberated, recovery plans are required to revive the system and keep the promised service levels. In multimodal transportation, such recovery plans usually involve
service and modal change. In the recent literature, Huang, Hu, and Zhang (2011), Chen and Miller-Hooks(2012), Miller-Hooks Zhang, and Faturechi (2012) take disruption and required recovery and preparedness actions into account. Huang et al. (2011) compare the forecasted delay on a distressed link to the tolerance threshold og the next link, and if the delay crosses the threshold, a re-routing with the smallest deviation and least cost is made,. Chen and Miller-Hooks (2012) define an indicator of network resilience to assess the vulnerability of a time-definite network and make a priori invesment descisions for recovery action with a given budget. Resilience is defined as the ability of a network to cope with disruption cia its topological and operational attributes. Miller-Hooks et al. (2012) ectend this work by including preparedness actions thay can provide increased recovery capability and increased coping capacity. Chen and Miller-Hooks (2012) omitted preparedness actions in order to decompose the problem into independent deterministic subproblems