exogenous easing of international trade [i.e. internationalization] increases potential benefits to capitalists and skilled workers in the advanced coun- tries, to skilled and unskilled workers in the NICs [newly industrializing countries], and to unskilled workers in LDCs—all of whom are predicted to mobilize on behalf of liberalization. At the same time, easier trade threatens unskilled workers in advanced economies, local capitalists in NICs, and owners of both physical and human capital in LDCs—all of whom will
heighten their demands for protection or compensation. Wood (1994) has ar- gued that we observe exactly this in the economic history of the last twenty years. (Frieden & Rogowski 1996:40)