Also, a marginally negative
relationship is found between organization size and prevention-oriented leadership,
while formalization is shown to be positively associated with the occurrence of such
behaviors. In the first part of Study 3, I develop a comprehensive, encompassing
theoretical framework of charismatic leadership behavior emergence. This framework
promotes an integrative perspective on this issue to overcome the piecemeal approach
that has characterized this line of inquiry to date. And finally, in the second part of
Study 3, I present a theoretical core model of prevention-oriented leadership behavior
emergence, extending prior, more informal notions by outlining the complex interplay
of leaders' threat perceptions and regulatory focus.