Colostrum samples of 48 Holstein cows and serum samples of 49 newborn calves born from these cows were collected to clarify the effect of parity of the dam on colostral and calf serum vitamin A and β-carotene, and to evaluate the value of colostrum as a source of these vitamins for newborn calves. Colostral vitamin A concentration of primiparous cows at parturition was higher than that of multiparous cows, whereas colostral β-carotene was not different among parity. Serum vitamin A of newborn calves at d 1 postpartum tended to decrease as lactation number of the dams increased, but serum β-carotene was not affected. Serum β-carotene of female calves at d 6 postpartum was higher than that of males. Serum vitamin A and β-carotene of calves increased drastically with time postpartum. There results suggest that the parity of the dams affect colostral and calf serum vitamin A concentration, and colostral vitamin A and β-carotene are useful as sources of these vitamins for newborn calv