Many models of adolescent pregnancy-prevention
programs exist.65–68 Most successful programs include
multiple and varied approaches to the problem
and include abstinence promotion and contraception
information, contraceptive availability, sexuality education,
school-completion strategies, and job training.
Primary-prevention (first pregnancy) and secondary-
prevention (repeat pregnancy) programs are
both needed, with particular attention to adolescents
who are at highest risk of becoming pregnant and
innovative programs that include males.69–72 Parents,
schools, religious institutions, physicians, social
and government agencies, and adolescents all have
roles in successful prevention programs.