Most fundamentally, electoral representation is established and molded by constitutional design—that is, the way in which political institutions form and formulate the patterns of inclusion to which they are subject. Again, this is an issue with an old pedigree. Contemporary interest is found primarily within the field of comparative politics—most notably, in debates about the democratic merits of presidential versus parliamentary forms of government. Here we highlight renewed interest within democratic theory, particularly in the impact of constitutional assignments of responsibility on the capacities of representatives for deliberation and political judgment