The ANOVA on the mean handle-squeezing force demonstrated that there were main effects of clamp (po0:01), gripping method (po0:01), and gender (p ¼ 0:01), and an interaction effect between clamping height and gripping method (po0:01) for the average of peak handle-squeezing forces during the starting phase. Seen in Table 2, the redesigned clamp required significantly lower handle-squeezing forces than the original clamp. The pistol gripping method required significantly lower forces than the upside-down method. The handle-squeezing forces of males were significantly greater than those of females. Larger handle-squeezing forces were applied at the shoulder and elbow heights with the upside-down gripping method than at the hip height.