Second, in the process of challenging the classical school, the neoclassicalists raised issues and initiated theories that became central to the foundations of most of the schools that have followed. The neoclassical school was a critically important forerunner. Most serious post 1960 articles from any school of organization cite neoclassical theorists. All of the neoclassical selections that we include in this chapter are important precursors of the human relations, “modern” structural, systems, power and politics, and organizational culture perspectives of organization theory.