Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) stands sixth among the most important cereal crops grown in the
semi-arid and arid regions of the world. The downy mildew disease caused by Sclerospora graminicola, an
oomycete pathogen, has been recognized as a major biotic constraint in pearl millet production. On the
other hand, basidiomycetes are known to produce a large number of antimicrobial metabolites, providing
a good source of anti-oomycete agrochemicals. Here, we report the discovery and efficacy of a compound,
named G_app7, purified from Ganoderma applanatum on inhibition of growth and development of
S. graminicola, as well as the effects of seed treatment with G_app7 on protection of pearl millet from
downy mildew. G_app7 consistently demonstrated remarkable effects against S. graminicola by recording
significant inhibition of sporangium formation (41.4%), zoospore release (77.5%) and zoospore motility
(91%). Analyses of G_app7 compound using two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed its close resemblance to metominostrobin, a
derivative of strobilurin group of fungicides. Furthermore, the G_app7 was shown to stably maintain the
inhibitory effects at different temperatures between 25 and 80 C. In addition, the anti-oomycete activity
of G_app7 was fairly stable for a period of at least 12 months at 4 C and was only completely lost after
being autoclaved. Seed treatment with G_app7 resulted in a significant increase in disease protection
(63%) under greenhouse conditions compared with water control. The identification and isolation of this
novel and functional anti-oomycete compound from G. applanatum provide a considerable agrochemical
importance for plant protection against downy mildew in an environmentally safe and economical
manner.
Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) stands sixth among the most important cereal crops grown in thesemi-arid and arid regions of the world. The downy mildew disease caused by Sclerospora graminicola, anoomycete pathogen, has been recognized as a major biotic constraint in pearl millet production. On theother hand, basidiomycetes are known to produce a large number of antimicrobial metabolites, providinga good source of anti-oomycete agrochemicals. Here, we report the discovery and efficacy of a compound,named G_app7, purified from Ganoderma applanatum on inhibition of growth and development ofS. graminicola, as well as the effects of seed treatment with G_app7 on protection of pearl millet fromdowny mildew. G_app7 consistently demonstrated remarkable effects against S. graminicola by recordingsignificant inhibition of sporangium formation (41.4%), zoospore release (77.5%) and zoospore motility(91%). Analyses of G_app7 compound using two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopyand liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed its close resemblance to metominostrobin, aderivative of strobilurin group of fungicides. Furthermore, the G_app7 was shown to stably maintain theinhibitory effects at different temperatures between 25 and 80 C. In addition, the anti-oomycete activityof G_app7 was fairly stable for a period of at least 12 months at 4 C and was only completely lost afterbeing autoclaved. Seed treatment with G_app7 resulted in a significant increase in disease protection(63%) under greenhouse conditions compared with water control. The identification and isolation of thisnovel and functional anti-oomycete compound from G. applanatum provide a considerable agrochemicalimportance for plant protection against downy mildew in an environmentally safe and economicalmanner.
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