Cows were housed in a freestall barn and fed individually using Calan gates (American Calan Inc., Northwood, NH) with water available at all times. Feed intake and orts were measured daily. Cows were milked twice daily at 0500 and 1700 h, and BW and BCS were measured on d 16 of each period. Cows were weighed after milking and before feeding, and
body condition scored while in lockups using a score of 1 to 5, where a score of 1 indicates emaciation and a score of 5 indicates obesity (Wildman et al., 1982). Two individuals scored cows every period and scores were averaged. All animal procedures were approved by the University of Idaho (Moscow) Animal Care and Use Committee (protocol 2009-38).