The bio-oil obtained under the experimental conditions that
gave maximum oil yield (pyrolysis temperature of 500 C,
reaction time of 60 min, N2 flow rate of 2 L/min and particle
size of 2 mm) was used for further characterization. In order to
evaluate the corrosive property of the oil, the pH of the oil was
measured by a Metrohm pH meter 827. The water contents of
the bio-oil were obtained by Karl Fischer titration method. The
density of the oil was estimated with a 25 ml pycnometer and
the viscosity of bio-oil was measured using a rotational
viscometer equipped with NVst spindle (Haake model VT 550).
The measurement was carried out by measuring the shear
stress with varying the shear rate ranging from 16.23 s1 to
3246 s1 at 50 C.
The chemical compositions of the bio-oil were determined
by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis
Angilent HP 6890 N gas chromatograph equipped with an
Agilent HP 5975 mass-selective detector (mass spectrometer),
using a 30m 0.25mmDB-5ms capillary column (0.25 mmfilm
thickness). The injection port and detector were both operated
at 300 C. The GC oven was heated to 30 C for 2 min then to
290 C at a rate of 3 C/min. The injection method was used for
analysis of 1 ml samples. An elemental analysis was carried
out using a TruSpec CHN, LECO Cooperation; Saint Joseph,
Michigan USA and the functional group were analyzed using
Perkin Elmer FT-IR Spectrometer Paragon 1000.