Anabas testudineus is a freshwater fish native to parts of Asia including India and China. It has established in other Asian countries including Indonesia, the Philippines, and Papua New Guinea as well as an Australian island. This species was formerly reported to have an established population outside of a Florida fish farm. This population is now extirpated. Climate match with the contiguous U.S. is medium, with Florida as most likely habitat. Hitchcock (2008) speculates on potential threats from this species including competition for space and food. This species can kill its predators by using its dorsal and opercular spines to lodge itself in the predator’s throat. Predator mortality has been observed in Papua New Guinea, but the larger impact of those mortalities is unknown. Currently, no adverse impacts have been reported from the former U.S. population or the Australian population. Overall risk for this species is uncertain.