Perceptions of place are not only affected by the past, but also by attitudes toward the present and future. This time continuum challenge arises because: issues that attract people's attention change over time: those changes occur in an open system and are seldom linear. which makes them dificult to predict. and human abilities to conceptualize distant time hon- zons, either in the past or for the future, are variable, selective, and usually very limited (Lew. 2009). Just as short-term memory is more reliable than the distant past, so too are short-term change projections generally more reliable than long-term visioning. This would impact respondents' views on changes in the Khumbu, as long-term, slow changes are more difficult to than more short-term and sudden social and environmental shifs.