The tests included: (a) an approachability test, in which sheep were allowed to approach and contact the human trainer; (b) a chute test in which isolated sheep were allowed to traverse a curved chute; (c) a halter test in which sheep were haltered and tied briefly to a post; (d) a simulated shearing test in which the sheep were restrained and shears were moved over their bodies. Sheep have excellent long-term memories, especially of aversive experi- ences (Belschner, 1962).