2.3. Inoculation and incubation of A. aceti
From each indigenous source, the isolation of A. aceti (KCCH 12654) was accomplished by inoculating on solid medium (SM) ( Table 1) and incubating at 30 °C for 48 h. Inoculations were conducted with the pouring method as recommended by Zahoor, Siddique, and Farooq (2006). Isolated A. aceti colonies were sub-cultured in the liquid medium (LM) at 10% (v/v, 108 CFU/ml) and incubated at 30 °C for 72 h with mild shaking for use as the vinegar starter in acetic fermentation.