Data collection
Data were collected from structured, face-to-face interviews. The two authors were
assisted by 10 community hospital officers, who received training on carrying out interviews
and recording data. The interview schedule included questions on demographic information,
including age, gender, level of education, and career, and residential status (living alone or
with care-giver). One item specifically asked the participants to indicate the degree to which
they engaged in specified health promoting or unhealthy behaviours. This item was based on
the Health Promoting Lifestyles Profile II (HPLPII) developed by Walker, Sechrist, and
Pender24, and associated with Pender’s25 health promotion model. Respondents were asked
about tobacco smoking, alcohol use, high fat consumption, fruit and vegetable in the diet,
degree of social isolation, ability to manage stressful events, religious activity, access to
health information, physical exercise, oral health care and regular physical check-ups. An
additional item asked respondents for further information on chronic conditions recorded in
their medical records and originally diagnosed by a physician or community nurse. The key
measurements were degree of health promoting behaviours and chronic conditions.
Data collection
Data were collected from structured, face-to-face interviews. The two authors were
assisted by 10 community hospital officers, who received training on carrying out interviews
and recording data. The interview schedule included questions on demographic information,
including age, gender, level of education, and career, and residential status (living alone or
with care-giver). One item specifically asked the participants to indicate the degree to which
they engaged in specified health promoting or unhealthy behaviours. This item was based on
the Health Promoting Lifestyles Profile II (HPLPII) developed by Walker, Sechrist, and
Pender24, and associated with Pender’s25 health promotion model. Respondents were asked
about tobacco smoking, alcohol use, high fat consumption, fruit and vegetable in the diet,
degree of social isolation, ability to manage stressful events, religious activity, access to
health information, physical exercise, oral health care and regular physical check-ups. An
additional item asked respondents for further information on chronic conditions recorded in
their medical records and originally diagnosed by a physician or community nurse. The key
measurements were degree of health promoting behaviours and chronic conditions.
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