The patients receiving fresh
or frozen faeces from the universal donors were from a
study examining intestinal microbiota stability after FMT
(microbiota stability not reported herein). The study was
approved by the Ethics Committee of Hospital District
of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Finland (Dnro HUS 124/13/
03/01/11). All the patients were informed about the
experimental nature and possible risks of FMT and they
provided informed consent.