The diagnosis of shoulder dystocia was made when there was a
delay of 60 seconds or more between the delivery of the head and
that of the body or when ancillary maneuvers other than gentle
downward traction to effect delivery were used [13]. Deliveries
occurring prior to 37 weeks of gestation were recorded as preterm
deliveries. Slower than normal labor (protraction disorders) or
complete cessation of progress (arrest disorders) in the active phase
of labor were defined as active phase disorders