The effect of culture on knowledge creation and use is manifested in behaviors and
perceptions. For instance, values that cause employees to regard their colleagues as
partners are likely to result in behavior that creates useful knowledge that can be used
by them [22]. Success of KM initiatives may depend on the prevailing norms that
employees associate with sharing and use of knowledge. If the general belief is that
knowledge sharing and use of shared knowledge decrease power and increase personal
risk, the desired perception of the utility of knowledge sharing and use may not
be forthcoming [22]. Beliefs about potential usefulness of shared knowledge and
reuse of knowledge contributions from outside sources arise from interactions among
coworkers. These beliefs can often be reinforced by their supervisors.