Bamboo was torrefied under carbon dioxide atmosphere at various temperatures (240–340◦C) and a fixed holding time of 30 min. The highest HHV of 28.51 MJ/kg and lowest absorbed moisture content of 5.47% were achieved when torrefied at 340◦C.Under the severest torrefaction condition, bamboo was subjected to substantial changes of structure and complete decomposition of carbohydrates. An increase of temperature led to the torrefied sample having lower H/C and O/C ratios as well as higher thermal stability. The hydrophobicity of torrefied bamboo was enhanced with the increase of torrefaction temperature.