In addition, a recent study showed that ginseng also contains the G protein-coupled lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) ligand, gintonin. The primary action of gintonin is to induce [Ca2þ]i transient through the activation of LPA receptors with high affinity [3]. Gintonin also regulates Ca2þ-dependent ion channels and re- ceptors and further exhibits anti-Alzheimer’s disease and anti- metastatic effects in vivo [4,5].
Busulfan is a cell-cycle nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent that belongs to the class of alkyl sulfonates. As an alkylating agent, busulfan forms DNAeDNA intrastrand crosslinks between the DNA bases guanine and adenine and between guanine and guanine [6]. This DNA crosslinking by busulfan prevents DNA replication, and the cellular machinery cannot repair DNA crosslinks; thus, the cancer cells undergo apoptosis [7]. Busulfan is used for the chemo- therapeutic treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia, as it is a low- cost drug. However, following treatment, busulfan exhibits adverse effects in various organs, including the reproductive system. For example, busulfan treatment induces azoospermia and testicular atrophy in young male patients, resulting in sterility in certain cases.
In a previous report, it was shown that Korean Red Ginseng extract (KRGE) has in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity against various cancers [8]. However, little is known or not KRGE also at- tenuates the adverse effects induced by anticancer agents. Kim et al [9,10] showed that oral administration of KRGE attenuates cisplatin-induced nausea and vomiting in experimental animals. Thus, these results indicate that KRGE might also have an attenu- ating effect on the adverse effects induced by anticancer agents, however, the possibility that KRGE could also be applied to atten- uate adverse effects that are induced by anticancer agents other than cisplatin has not been reported.
In addition, a recent study showed that ginseng also contains the G protein-coupled lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) ligand, gintonin. The primary action of gintonin is to induce [Ca2þ]i transient through the activation of LPA receptors with high affinity [3]. Gintonin also regulates Ca2þ-dependent ion channels and re- ceptors and further exhibits anti-Alzheimer’s disease and anti- metastatic effects in vivo [4,5].Busulfan is a cell-cycle nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent that belongs to the class of alkyl sulfonates. As an alkylating agent, busulfan forms DNAeDNA intrastrand crosslinks between the DNA bases guanine and adenine and between guanine and guanine [6]. This DNA crosslinking by busulfan prevents DNA replication, and the cellular machinery cannot repair DNA crosslinks; thus, the cancer cells undergo apoptosis [7]. Busulfan is used for the chemo- therapeutic treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia, as it is a low- cost drug. However, following treatment, busulfan exhibits adverse effects in various organs, including the reproductive system. For example, busulfan treatment induces azoospermia and testicular atrophy in young male patients, resulting in sterility in certain cases.In a previous report, it was shown that Korean Red Ginseng extract (KRGE) has in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity against various cancers [8]. However, little is known or not KRGE also at- tenuates the adverse effects induced by anticancer agents. Kim et al [9,10] showed that oral administration of KRGE attenuates cisplatin-induced nausea and vomiting in experimental animals. Thus, these results indicate that KRGE might also have an attenu- ating effect on the adverse effects induced by anticancer agents, however, the possibility that KRGE could also be applied to atten- uate adverse effects that are induced by anticancer agents other than cisplatin has not been reported.
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