In contrast to the early research on bilingualism discussed in Is bilingualism a problem?, more than 150 major research studies now broadly conclude that when children continue to develop their abilities in two or more languages throughout their primary school years, they gain a deeper understanding of language and how to use it effectively. In other words, research since the 1960s has consistently found that bilingualism is a cognitive, social, and educational advantage and that, consequently, bilingual students tend to outperform their monolingual peers in key cognitive tasks. (See the video clip Advantages of bilingualism.) This positive view of bilingualism was first established by Peal and Lambert in the 1960s (see below) and is still held by today’s researchers in bilingualism.
When bilingual students are in additive bilingual contexts where their bilingualism is valued and used, they show definite advantages over monolingual students in the following four cognitive or learning areas:
Cognitive flexibility: Bilingual people are more creative and flexible in their thinking.
Metalinguistic awareness: Bilingual people demonstrate greater awareness of language and how it works.
Communicative sensitivity: Bilingual people are more sensitive to nuances in communication.
Field independence: Bilingual people are often able to orient themselves and detect hidden patterns and figures more easily.
In contrast to the early research on bilingualism discussed in Is bilingualism a problem?, more than 150 major research studies now broadly conclude that when children continue to develop their abilities in two or more languages throughout their primary school years, they gain a deeper understanding of language and how to use it effectively. In other words, research since the 1960s has consistently found that bilingualism is a cognitive, social, and educational advantage and that, consequently, bilingual students tend to outperform their monolingual peers in key cognitive tasks. (See the video clip Advantages of bilingualism.) This positive view of bilingualism was first established by Peal and Lambert in the 1960s (see below) and is still held by today’s researchers in bilingualism.When bilingual students are in additive bilingual contexts where their bilingualism is valued and used, they show definite advantages over monolingual students in the following four cognitive or learning areas:Cognitive flexibility: Bilingual people are more creative and flexible in their thinking.Metalinguistic awareness: Bilingual people demonstrate greater awareness of language and how it works.Communicative sensitivity: Bilingual people are more sensitive to nuances in communication.Field independence: Bilingual people are often able to orient themselves and detect hidden patterns and figures more easily.
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