Methods
Study Sites and Bird Sampling
We surveyed six islands: Pulau Banggi, Pulau Balambangan,
Pulau Bintan, Pulau Malawali, Pulau Mantanani
Islands (Besar 2 km2, Kecil 0.6 km2) and Pulau
Mengalum (hereafter these islands are referred to
without Pulau, which means island in Malaysian and