Nonetheless, Pitkin sketched out the generic features of political representation in constitutional democracy. For representatives to be “democratic,” she argued, (a) they must be authorized to act; (b) they must act in a way that promotes the interests of the represented; and (c) people must have the means to hold their representatives accountable for their ac- tions. Although Pitkin understood these fea- tures within the context of electoral democ- racy, they can in fact vary over a wide range of contexts and meanings, as we suggest below (D. Castiglione & M.E. Warren, unpublished manuscript).