The TMR rations were mixed daily prior to morning
feeding. Dry period rations were fed restrictively at 16 kg
feed per day until 8 days before expected calving and ad
libitum until calving. Lactation rations were fed ad libitum
immediately or 1 day at the latest after parturition. All
TMR rations were offered in 2 equal sized portions at 0730
and 1500 h. Cows were kept in tie stalls with wood
shavings as bedding throughout the experiment, except
at calving and in case of disease. Approximately 4 days
before expected calving, or when signs of calving were
observed, the cow was moved to a separate calving pen.
The cow returned to the experimental barn 1 to 2 days
after calving, or when the cow was able to be moved. The
cows continued on the experimental diets during calving
and until they returned to the experimental barn.