A number of abatement options have been identified that
can be implemented in animal production systems in the
immediate or near future, many of which are likely to be cost
effective in their own right. However, most of the options
reviewed require many years of research before practical and
commercially viable products and strategies are available for
use on farms. It is also clear that most of the options currently
available are more suited to more-intensive animal production
(e.g., feeding supplements and additives, nitrification
inhibitors), with far fewer options available for more
extensive grazing systems. Very few of these abatement
strategies have been subjected to comprehensive LCA or
whole-farm systems modelling of emissions. This is an
important step in evaluating the complex interactions that
are likely to occur, before strategies are recommended to
farmers that will result in a meaningful net reduction in
greenhouse gas emissions.