Organizational Innovation
mand for services, the scope of activities, and the human
resources to be utilized by an organization. Similarly, since many
inputs in the exchange relationship may be resolved financially,
the community's wealth is a major environmental variable.
Both the Illinois and the Bay Area studies used demographic
data as indicators of the variability of the school environment.
Since we assumed that heterogeneous, changing environments
would pose unique problems forschool districts, causing
them to adopt innovations, we selected data indicative of
environmental variability and heterogeneity: population density,
urbanization, and percentage of nonwhites in the district, the
amount of home ownership, and the number of other