Essentially, current trials do conclude a beneficial effect of antibiotic prophylaxis on reducing infection rates. Antibiotic prophylaxis does not however convincingly reduce patient mortality rates. Furthermore a lack of long term follow-up measures including those of functional outcomes necessitates further large cohort studies. Paralleling this need for future research is the benefit of identifying further indicators of PSP to identify at-risk groups whom could benefit from preventative antibiotics. One theory is that recognising hypoxia can identify those at risk of aspiration who subsequently develop PSP.