At the transcription level, both desaturases are regulated by the transcription factors Ppara and Srebp1 (67). Ppara is a ligand-activated transcriptional factor central to lipid homeostasis and which is influenced by FA status (31, 65, 66). Previous studies have shown that Ppara activation is increased by n–3 and n–6 PUFAs (68), and this activation led to increased expression of FA oxidation genes, which resulted in decreased hepatic and plasma TGs (69). In the present study, consistent with these observations, there was a general trend toward increased Ppara and Pparg after CO and FO feeding, with the etiologic basis of the greatest expression after COL currently unknown.