Looking Out and Looking In : Exploring a Case of Faculty Perceptions During E-Learning Staff Development
Hendrik Daniël Esterhuizen, Seugnet Blignaut, and Suria Ellis (not shown)
North-West University, South Africa
Abstract
This explorative study captured the perceptions of faculty members new to technology enhanced learning and the longitudinal observations of the e-learning manager during dedicated professional development in order to compile a socially transformative emergent learning technology integration framework for open and distance learning at the School of Continuing Teacher Education at North-West University, South Africa. A pragmatic approach guided the bounded case study. The study followed a fully mixed sequential equal status design of mixing sequential qualitative and quantitative findings. Data collection strategies concern a custom-made questionnaire, interviews with faculty members, and longitudinal observations by the e-learning manager. The first phase uncovered 34 qualitative codes. After quantitating of the data, a t-test indicated significant differences for 17 variables between faculty perceptions and observations of the e-learning manager. Ward’s method of Euclidean distances grouped the variables into five clusters according to the researchers’ paradigm of looking in and looking out from the development context. The clusters formed the basis of a model for faculty development towards socially transformative learning technology integration for open distance learning. The five aspects of the model comprise (i) the environment in which faculty members should gain support from the institution; (ii) the environment in which faculty have to address the realities of adopting TEL; (iii) human factors relating to the adoption of TEL; (iv) concerns and reservations about the use of TEL; and (v) continuing professional development needs, expectations, and motivators. The sustainable integration of ICT into higher education institutions remains a major challenge for the adoption of TEL.
Keywords: Technology enhanced learning (TEL); teacher training; professional development; mixed methods research; interactive white boards; developing context; technophobia
Introduction
Spotts (1999) identifies five significant e-learning variables, the learner, faculty, technology, environment, and perceived value, in an effort to obtain information beneficial to faculty development of technology enhanced learning (TEL). However, implementing
e-Learning could be a highly disruptive technology for education—if we allow it to be...if there is to be innovation and change in university teaching—as the new technology requires, as the knowledge economy requires, and as students demand—someone has to take responsibility for it. Who should that be, other than the university academic community? (Laurillard, 2006, p. 5)
These statements indicate that the final successes of implementing TEL at higher education institutions (HEIs) are to a great extent in the hands of faculty members. However, in many cases, faculty members require intensive pedagogical, knowledge, and skills training to make a real difference in the deposition of their learners.
มองเห็นและมองหาใน: สำรวจกรณีภาพลักษณ์คณะในระหว่างการพัฒนาบริการการศึกษานดริ Daniël Esterhuizen, Seugnet Blignaut และเอลลิ สซู (ไม่แสดง)มหาวิทยาลัย North-West แอฟริกาใต้บทคัดย่อThis explorative study captured the perceptions of faculty members new to technology enhanced learning and the longitudinal observations of the e-learning manager during dedicated professional development in order to compile a socially transformative emergent learning technology integration framework for open and distance learning at the School of Continuing Teacher Education at North-West University, South Africa. A pragmatic approach guided the bounded case study. The study followed a fully mixed sequential equal status design of mixing sequential qualitative and quantitative findings. Data collection strategies concern a custom-made questionnaire, interviews with faculty members, and longitudinal observations by the e-learning manager. The first phase uncovered 34 qualitative codes. After quantitating of the data, a t-test indicated significant differences for 17 variables between faculty perceptions and observations of the e-learning manager. Ward’s method of Euclidean distances grouped the variables into five clusters according to the researchers’ paradigm of looking in and looking out from the development context. The clusters formed the basis of a model for faculty development towards socially transformative learning technology integration for open distance learning. The five aspects of the model comprise (i) the environment in which faculty members should gain support from the institution; (ii) the environment in which faculty have to address the realities of adopting TEL; (iii) human factors relating to the adoption of TEL; (iv) concerns and reservations about the use of TEL; and (v) continuing professional development needs, expectations, and motivators. The sustainable integration of ICT into higher education institutions remains a major challenge for the adoption of TEL.คำสำคัญ: เทคโนโลยีสนับสนุนการเรียนรู้ (TEL); ครูฝึกอบรม พัฒนาอาชีพ ผสมวิธีวิจัย โต้ไวท์บอร์ด บริบทการพัฒนา technophobiaแนะนำSpotts (1999) ระบุตัวแปรการศึกษาสำคัญห้า ผู้เรียน คณะ เทคโนโลยี สิ่งแวดล้อม และ มูลค่าการรับรู้ การรับข้อมูลที่เป็นประโยชน์ต่อการพัฒนาคณะเทคโนโลยีขั้นสูงเรียน (TEL) อย่างไรก็ตาม ปฏิบัติตามอีเลิร์นนิ่งอาจเป็นเทคโนโลยีขวัญสูงในการศึกษา — ถ้าเราอนุญาตให้... ถ้ามีเป็นนวัตกรรม และการเปลี่ยนแปลงในมหาวิทยาลัยสอน — เป็นเทคโนโลยีใหม่ ต้องการ ตามต้องรู้เศรษฐกิจ และ เป็นความต้องการนักเรียน — คนได้รับผิดชอบเรื่องการ ซึ่งควรที่จะ ไม่ใช่ชุมชนวิชาการมหาวิทยาลัย (Laurillard, 2006, p. 5)คำสั่งเหล่านี้บ่งชี้ว่า สำเร็จขั้นสุดท้ายของการใช้โทรศัพท์ที่สถาบันอุดมศึกษา (HEIs) อยู่ในระดับดีในมือของคณาจารย์ อย่างไรก็ตาม ในหลายกรณี คณาจารย์ต้องเร่งรัดการสอน ความรู้ และการสร้างความแตกต่างจริงในสะสมของผู้เรียนของตน
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Looking Out and Looking In : Exploring a Case of Faculty Perceptions During E-Learning Staff Development
Hendrik Daniël Esterhuizen, Seugnet Blignaut, and Suria Ellis (not shown)
North-West University, South Africa
Abstract
This explorative study captured the perceptions of faculty members new to technology enhanced learning and the longitudinal observations of the e-learning manager during dedicated professional development in order to compile a socially transformative emergent learning technology integration framework for open and distance learning at the School of Continuing Teacher Education at North-West University, South Africa. A pragmatic approach guided the bounded case study. The study followed a fully mixed sequential equal status design of mixing sequential qualitative and quantitative findings. Data collection strategies concern a custom-made questionnaire, interviews with faculty members, and longitudinal observations by the e-learning manager. The first phase uncovered 34 qualitative codes. After quantitating of the data, a t-test indicated significant differences for 17 variables between faculty perceptions and observations of the e-learning manager. Ward’s method of Euclidean distances grouped the variables into five clusters according to the researchers’ paradigm of looking in and looking out from the development context. The clusters formed the basis of a model for faculty development towards socially transformative learning technology integration for open distance learning. The five aspects of the model comprise (i) the environment in which faculty members should gain support from the institution; (ii) the environment in which faculty have to address the realities of adopting TEL; (iii) human factors relating to the adoption of TEL; (iv) concerns and reservations about the use of TEL; and (v) continuing professional development needs, expectations, and motivators. The sustainable integration of ICT into higher education institutions remains a major challenge for the adoption of TEL.
Keywords: Technology enhanced learning (TEL); teacher training; professional development; mixed methods research; interactive white boards; developing context; technophobia
Introduction
Spotts (1999) identifies five significant e-learning variables, the learner, faculty, technology, environment, and perceived value, in an effort to obtain information beneficial to faculty development of technology enhanced learning (TEL). However, implementing
e-Learning could be a highly disruptive technology for education—if we allow it to be...if there is to be innovation and change in university teaching—as the new technology requires, as the knowledge economy requires, and as students demand—someone has to take responsibility for it. Who should that be, other than the university academic community? (Laurillard, 2006, p. 5)
These statements indicate that the final successes of implementing TEL at higher education institutions (HEIs) are to a great extent in the hands of faculty members. However, in many cases, faculty members require intensive pedagogical, knowledge, and skills training to make a real difference in the deposition of their learners.
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Looking Out and Looking In : Exploring a Case of Faculty Perceptions During E-Learning Staff Development
Hendrik Daniël Esterhuizen, Seugnet Blignaut, and Suria Ellis (not shown)
North-West University, South Africa
Abstract
การศึกษาสำรวจนี้บันทึกความคิดเห็นของอาจารย์ใหม่เทคโนโลยีปรับปรุงการเรียนรู้และตามยาวสังเกตของอีเลิร์นนิ่งในการพัฒนาวิชาชีพผู้จัดการทุ่มเทเพื่อรวบรวมสังคม การบูรณาการการเรียนรู้เทคโนโลยีฉุกเฉินเพื่อเปิดและการเรียนทางไกลที่โรงเรียนของครูอย่างต่อเนื่องในทิศตะวันตกเฉียงเหนือ South Africa. A pragmatic approach guided the bounded case study. The study followed a fully mixed sequential equal status design of mixing sequential qualitative and quantitative findings. Data collection strategies concern a custom-made questionnaire, interviews with faculty members, and longitudinal observations by the e-learning manager. The first phase uncovered 34 qualitative codes. After quantitating of the data, a t-test indicated significant differences for 17 variables between faculty perceptions and observations of the e-learning manager. Ward’s method of Euclidean distances grouped the variables into five clusters according to the researchers’ paradigm of looking in and looking out from the development context. The clusters formed the basis of a model for faculty development towards socially transformative learning technology integration for open distance learning. The five aspects of the model comprise (i) the environment in which faculty members should gain support from the institution; (ii) the environment in which faculty have to address the realities of adopting TEL; (iii) human factors relating to the adoption of TEL; (iv) concerns and reservations about the use of TEL; and (v) continuing professional development needs, expectations, and motivators. The sustainable integration of ICT into higher education institutions remains a major challenge for the adoption of TEL.
Keywords: Technology enhanced learning (TEL); teacher training; professional development;วิธีวิจัยผสม ; กระดานไวท์บอร์ดแบบโต้ตอบ ; การพัฒนาบริบท ; เทคโนโฟเบีย
บทนำ
สปอตส์ ( 1999 ) ระบุห้าตัวแปรสำคัญ E-learning , เรียน คณะ เทคโนโลยี สิ่งแวดล้อม และการรับรู้คุณค่าในความพยายามที่จะได้รับข้อมูลที่เป็นประโยชน์เพื่อกิจกรรมการพัฒนาเทคโนโลยีปรับปรุงการเรียนรู้ ( เรา ) อย่างไรก็ตาม การใช้
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