Physical Activity. The Minnesota Leisure-Time Physical
Activity Questionnaire (MLTPAQ) was used to assess
self-reported physical activity levels [7]. The questionnaire
was administered with the aid of a research assistant. For the
present data in older adults, the intensity codes (metabolic
rate scores) for different activities, developed for middleaged
subjects, were reduced in proportion to the age-related
slowing of self-paced walking speed, to acknowledge that
older adults would pursue these activities at a slower absolute
pace. Specifically, the codes were decreased 8.9% for males
and 4.6% for females from middle age to 55 years [8]. The
codes were then decreased a further 0.61% per year in males