Lam and Teng [12] then defined the term actual confining pressure (flu,a) (Eq. (3)), by replacing material ultimate tensile strain (ef) with the hoop rupture strain of the FRP shell
Lam and Teng [12] then defined the term actual confiningpressure (flu,a) (Eq. (3)), by replacing material ultimate tensilestrain (ef) with the hoop rupture strain of the FRP shell