By cluster-random-sampling in 5 privately-run
enterprises in Hangzhou, the authors distributed 578
matching questionnairs to the subordinates and their
supervisors (one supervisor was matched two or three
subordinates) and took back 533 valid questionnairs
with 92.20% of return rate. The sample has more
men(60%) than women(40%); 29.3% of the
participants were between the ages of 18 and 25,
37.7% between 20 and 35, 20.1% between 36 and 45
and 12.9% between 46 and 55; employees with
education background of technical secondary school
accounted for 56.8% of the participants, employees
with junior college degree 22.5%, employees with
college degree or above 8.3%, the rest with high
school education or less 12.4%.