TC model constructs for budget reform progress in Lesotho is
discussed elsewhere and is not the focus of this article (Vian
2010).
The outcome of interest analysed in this research study was
PBB reform progress. Similar to Matthew Andrews’s analysis
(Andrews 2006), this study captured four dimensions of
progress: (1) existence of performance-based plans, (2) exist-
ence of performance-informed budgets, (3) evidence of per-
formance monitoring and reporting and (4) evidence that
performance information is used to make allocation and
managerial decisions and for budgetary oversight. Expanding
on Andrews’s work, we developed 21 sub-criteria to delineate
evidence of progress. For example, evidence of a performance-
based plan was assessed by availability/organization of plan,
accountability structure, definition of activities and outputs,
participation in the planning process, institutionalization and
acceptance. Each sub-criterion was evaluated as high, modest
or low (Table 2)