where Y is the ethanol yield; Cethanol is the concentration of ethanol in the fermented broth; Cinoculum is the concentration of ethanol introduced to batch fermentation when inoculating, which
is 2.1 g/L; 0.9 is the volumetric ratio of sweet sorghum juice to total fermentation broth; and CG, CF and CS are the concentrations of glucose, fructose and sucrose in sweet sorghum juice, respectively.