However, NARN was more effective as a hepatoprotector and antioxidant than free naringenin because it also inhibits caspase 9 during CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats[132]. In a study performed by Goldwasser et al[133] it was found that naringenin activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), then decreasing the levels of very low density lipoprotein production without causing lipid accumulation in hepatocytes, in a hepatitis C virus (HCV) model