Anthocyanins represent a unique subset of phenolic secondary metabolites found in plant tissues. They are one of many com- pound classes that fall under the flavonoid group, possessing a bi-phenolic structure. The core structure of the anthocyanin, a flavylium cation, may be described as a C6–C3–C6 skeleton, hav- ing a phenolic ring fused to a pyran with an additional phenolic ring connected at the 2 position of the pyran. This structure can be glycosylated, and the glycosides may be acylated, giving rise to a plethora of potential structural and functional variants [1]. The aglycone flavylium cation is referred to as an anthocyanidin. Anthocyanins differ from the rest of the flavonoid group by a for- mal positive charge found on the oxygen of the pyran ring [2] (Fig. 1 and Table 1). Up to 600 different species have been reported. These compounds are known to be responsible for the purple, blue, and red colors found in many plant tissues [3] and are believed to be dissolved in the cell sap found in the vacuole of a plant’s epidermis cells [4,5].It was noted as early as 1914 that an individual anthocyanin species can result in many different colors [6]. The color of antho-