with face-like features alone seemed to be able to induce positive
emotions, though the effect of emotional design in inducing posi-
tive emotions was largest when both round shapes with face-like
features and warm colors were combined.
Results from Study 1 also replicate findings that positive emo-
tions induced through design reduced the perceived task difficulty
and increased the levels of motivation reported by learners, but the
mood induction procedure did not. Previous findings by Um et al.
(2011) that positive emotions induced through design increase
learner mental effort, satisfaction, or positive perception of learning
were not replicated in Study 1. In Study 2, shape and color were not
found to be individually affecting cognitive load or measures of
satisfaction, motivation, or perception of learning.