Pain interference with general activity, mood, walking, work, relations with others, sleep and enjoyment of life was rated from 1 (‘does not interfere’) to 10 (‘completely interferes’). Scores on the seven items were averaged to yield an overall pain interference score. The BPI is a widely used, well-validated and reliable instrument for assessment of chronic pain (Cleeland 2009). The BPI-C also demonstrated good psychometric properties in a sample of 147 patients with cancer pain (Wang et al. 1996). In this study, the reliability coefficient was 0_837 for the pain severity items and 0_870 for the pain interference items. The Pain Management Inventory (PMI) (Davis &Atwood 1996) was used to assess the frequency of use and perceived helpfulness of various pain self-management methods.