Fig. 4. Creation of cybrid cells via cell fusion. Cytoplasmic hybrid (cybrid) cells are produced when a ρ0 cell (devoid of mtDNA) is fused with an enucleated cytoplast. The resulting cell
derives its nuclear genome from the ρ0 cell and its mitochondrial genome from the cytoplast. The use of murine embryonic stem (ES) cells as mitochondrial donor cells has led to the
creation of transmitochondrial mouse models.