Amit and Schoemaker insisted that resources are the storage of usable
production factors which firms possess and control. In these definitions,
a viewpoint of resources is not to mean all resources which firms possess.
This means the resources which contribute to acquiring profits and
securing competitive advantages and they are possessed by firms.
These resources should have valuable, rare, inimitable and
non-substitutable characteristics and firms should have intentions to use
the resources which have the characteristics. These firm-specific
resources are important factors to decide a competitive advantage among
firms. A competitive advantage is created by firm-specific resources,
followed by the gaps in performance among firms. This research
investigates the commitment which has the above four characteristics as
resources of firms.
Commitment is a basic factor for the successful performance of policy
and plans for firms. Members of firms are to form a value on achievement
of work through commitment and the value guarantees the successful
performance of strategy and plans of firms. Commitment means being
mindful of responsibilities which staff has regarding work and the mind is
followed by an emotional attachment concerned with work.They
participate in work in response to their emotional attachment with their work
and then they would be absorbed in achieving the aims of firms. This is
regarded as knowledge-based resources to enhance the capability of firms.
Commitment as resources of firms could be grasped in three viewpoints:
psychological, behavioral and structural. Psychological commitment
means expectation, challenge, and a collision in an individual’s mind,
behavioral includes the behavior implying performance and independence,
and structural represents a sunken cost and a guarantee of staffs’ status in
firms. On the other hand, Allen and Meyer insisted that commitment is the
psychological state of characterizing personal relationships in firms and it
could have implications in conformity with behavior for continuing a role
as a member in firms. They divided commitment into three categories:
emotional, sustainable, and normative. In addition, according to Lamsa